#thread synchronization in os

[kaiasky]

KaiaGPT, I don't understand the difference between processes and threads. Can you please tell what those are?

Certainly!

The most obvious distinction is that a process has its own virtual address space, while threads within a process share their memory and file descriptors. So for instance, two threads could access the same global variables, and changes to one would be reflected in the other thread. This means that it's easier to communicate between threads, but also potentially problematic in that any thread may modify shared memory in a way another thread wasn't expecting. This makes synchronization an important concern in threaded code. In contrast, processes do not, by default, share memory, so they communicate through OS-provided interprocess communication, such as pipes, files, or explicitly-created shared memory pages.

Note that while threads and processes exist on many operating systems, the exact details of their implementation differ from one OS to another.

[digitalbrowser311]

operating system

An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. It's the most fundamental software that enables other applications to run on a computing device. Here's a detailed breakdown of an operating system:

1. Definition of Operating System

An Operating System is software that acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and the user. It provides a user interface and controls all hardware components, making it easier for users and applications to interact with the computer without needing to know hardware-level details.

2. Functions of Operating System

✅ a. Process Management

Manages processes in a system: creation, scheduling, termination.

Handles multitasking (running multiple processes simultaneously).

Provides mechanisms for process synchronization and communication.

✅ b. Memory Management

Allocates and deallocates memory space as needed by programs.

Keeps track of each byte in a computer’s memory and optimizes RAM usage.

Manages virtual memory (swap space on disk).

✅ c. File System Management

Organizes files on storage devices like hard drives or SSDs.

Provides file-related operations: create, delete, read, write, etc.

Manages file permissions and security.

✅ d. Device Management

Controls and manages I/O devices (keyboard, mouse, printer, etc.).

Uses device drivers to communicate with hardware components.

Allocates devices to processes when needed.

✅ e. Security and Access Control

Protects data and system resources from unauthorized access.

Supports user authentication and permissions.

Provides encryption and firewall mechanisms.

✅ f. User Interface

Provides a user interface to interact with the system:

Command-Line Interface (CLI)

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

🔷 3. Types of Operating Systems

TypeDescriptionBatch OSExecutes batches of jobs without manual intervention.Time-sharing OSMultiple users share system resources simultaneously.Distributed OSManages a group of distinct computers and makes them appear as one.Real-time OSResponds to input instantly (used in critical systems like flight control).Network OSManages network resources and allows shared access to files and printers.Mobile OSSpecialized OS for mobile devices (e.g., Android, iOS).Embedded OSUsed in embedded systems like smart TVs, washing machines, etc.

🔷 4. Examples of Operating Systems

💻 Desktop and Server OS:

Microsoft Windows

Linux (Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS)

macOS

UNIX

📱 Mobile OS:

Android

iOS

🔷 5. Multitasking, Multithreading, and Multiprocessing

✅ Multitasking:

Running multiple applications at the same time.

✅ Multithreading:

Multiple threads within a single application run concurrently.

✅ Multiprocessing:

Using multiple CPUs/cores to execute processes simultaneously.

🔷 Conclusion

An Operating System is vital for any computing device to function. It manages hardware, provides essential services, ensures user interaction, and forms the platform on which application software runs. Its design and performance deeply influence the overall system reliability and efficiency.

If you'd like, I can also provide a PDF version or create a presentation outline for this content.

[chocolatedetectivehottub]

Golang developer,

Golang developer,

In the evolving world of software development, Go (or Golang) has emerged as a powerful programming language known for its simplicity, efficiency, and scalability. Developed by Google, Golang is designed to make developers’ lives easier by offering a clean syntax, robust standard libraries, and excellent concurrency support. Whether you're starting as a new developer or transitioning from another language, this guide will help you navigate the journey of becoming a proficient Golang developer.

Why Choose Golang?

Golang’s popularity has grown exponentially, and for good reasons:

Simplicity: Go's syntax is straightforward, making it accessible for beginners and efficient for experienced developers.

Concurrency Support: With goroutines and channels, Go simplifies writing concurrent programs, making it ideal for systems requiring parallel processing.

Performance: Go is compiled to machine code, which means it executes programs efficiently without requiring a virtual machine.

Scalability: The language’s design promotes building scalable and maintainable systems.

Community and Ecosystem: With a thriving developer community, extensive documentation, and numerous open-source libraries, Go offers robust support for its users.

Key Skills for a Golang Developer

To excel as a Golang developer, consider mastering the following:

1. Understanding Go Basics

Variables and constants

Functions and methods

Control structures (if, for, switch)

Arrays, slices, and maps

2. Deep Dive into Concurrency

Working with goroutines for lightweight threading

Understanding channels for communication

Managing synchronization with sync package

3. Mastering Go’s Standard Library

net/http for building web servers

database/sql for database interactions

os and io for system-level operations

4. Writing Clean and Idiomatic Code

Using Go’s formatting tools like gofmt

Following Go idioms and conventions

Writing efficient error handling code

5. Version Control and Collaboration

Proficiency with Git

Knowledge of tools like GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket

6. Testing and Debugging

Writing unit tests using Go’s testing package

Utilizing debuggers like dlv (Delve)

7. Familiarity with Cloud and DevOps

Deploying applications using Docker and Kubernetes

Working with cloud platforms like AWS, GCP, or Azure

Monitoring and logging tools like Prometheus and Grafana

8. Knowledge of Frameworks and Tools

Popular web frameworks like Gin or Echo

ORM tools like GORM

API development with gRPC or REST

Building a Portfolio as a Golang Developer

To showcase your skills and stand out in the job market, work on real-world projects. Here are some ideas:

Web Applications: Build scalable web applications using frameworks like Gin or Fiber.

Microservices: Develop microservices architecture to demonstrate your understanding of distributed systems.

Command-Line Tools: Create tools or utilities to simplify repetitive tasks.

Open Source Contributions: Contribute to Golang open-source projects on platforms like GitHub.

Career Opportunities

Golang developers are in high demand across various industries, including fintech, cloud computing, and IoT. Popular roles include:

Backend Developer

Cloud Engineer

DevOps Engineer

Full Stack Developer

Conclusion

Becoming a proficient Golang developer requires dedication, continuous learning, and practical experience. By mastering the language’s features, leveraging its ecosystem, and building real-world projects, you can establish a successful career in this growing field. Start today and join the vibrant Go community to accelerate your journey.

[nel-world]

High-volume, low-latency Java applications

Concurrency and Multithreading

Thread Pooling: Use thread pools (Executors in Java) to manage threads efficiently, avoiding the overhead of creating and destroying threads for each task.

Non-blocking I/O (NIO): Leverage Java NIO for handling large numbers of connections or requests without blocking threads.

Asynchronous Programming: Use CompletableFuture, or other async frameworks (like Project Reactor or Akka) to avoid blocking and enhance throughput.

ForkJoinPool: For divide-and-conquer parallelism, utilize the ForkJoinPool to break tasks into smaller sub-tasks.

2. Efficient Data Structures and Algorithms

Low-latency Collections: Use specialized collections like ConcurrentHashMap for thread-safe, highly scalable access to data. Consider using high-performance libraries like Agrona or JCTools for non-blocking data structures.

Minimize Locking: Avoid blocking locks and shared states whenever possible. Instead, use lock-free and wait-free algorithms (atomic operations via java.util.concurrent.atomic) to avoid contention.

Immutable Objects: Use immutability to reduce synchronization needs and ensure safe access across multiple threads without locks.

Garbage Collection Optimization

Garbage Collection (GC) Tuning: Configure garbage collectors to minimize GC pauses. Some low-latency collectors in the JVM include:

ZGC (Z Garbage Collector): Offers very low pause times even with large heap sizes.

Shenandoah GC: Reduces garbage collection pauses by performing more work concurrently.

G1 GC (Garbage First): Can be tuned to meet specific pause-time goals.

Object Pooling: Reuse objects to reduce the frequency of memory allocation and GC pressure.

Avoid Excessive Object Creation: Prefer primitive types and arrays over objects, especially in hot paths.

4. Network I/O Optimization

Zero-Copy I/O: Utilize memory-mapped files or Java NIO’s DirectByteBuffer for efficient data transfer without the overhead of copying data between buffers.

Use Asynchronous Networking: Java NIO combined with AsynchronousSocketChannel can handle large numbers of I/O operations concurrently without blocking.

Minimize Serialization Overhead: Use efficient serialization formats like Protocol Buffers, FlatBuffers, or MessagePack instead of Java's built-in serialization, which can be slow and memory-intensive.

5. Low-Latency Messaging Systems

Use of Messaging Systems: Low-latency messaging frameworks such as Disruptor (by LMAX) can help bypass traditional locking mechanisms by using a ring buffer architecture, reducing latency in message passing.

Off-Heap Memory: Libraries like Chronicle Queue and Chronicle Map allow storing data off-heap, reducing the load on the garbage collector and improving performance in messaging applications.

6. Database Optimization

NoSQL Databases: For high throughput, consider NoSQL solutions like Cassandra, MongoDB, or Redis for their ability to scale horizontally and handle large datasets.

In-Memory Data Stores: Use in-memory databases (like Redis or Memcached) to avoid disk I/O latency.

Sharding and Partitioning: Distribute data across multiple databases or nodes to ensure scalability and reduce the load on any single system.

7. Minimizing Latency in Critical Paths

Microservices Architecture: Use microservices to break down complex applications into smaller, more manageable components, reducing latency by allowing independent scaling.

Event-Driven Architecture: Use event-driven designs with systems like Kafka or RabbitMQ to decouple components and reduce synchronous calls that can introduce latency.

8. JVM and OS Tuning

CPU Affinity and Pinning: Bind critical threads to specific CPUs to ensure that the most important tasks are not preempted or interrupted by the OS scheduler.

Tuning JVM Parameters: Optimize JVM flags like heap size (-Xms, -Xmx), garbage collector options, and direct memory settings (-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize) based on the workload.

Reduce Context Switching: Avoid excessive thread switching by using fewer, dedicated threads for critical tasks and batch processing.

9. Profiling and Performance Monitoring

Profiling Tools: Use profilers such as VisualVM, YourKit, or Java Flight Recorder (JFR) to identify bottlenecks in code, GC performance, or I/O operations.

Metrics and Monitoring: Implement real-time monitoring (using tools like Prometheus, Grafana, or ELK Stack) to track latency, throughput, and resource utilization. Continuously fine-tune the system based on observed behavior.

10. Batching and Caching

Batch Processing: Process data in batches where possible to reduce the overhead of handling multiple individual requests.

Caching: Use local caches like Caffeine or distributed caches like Redis to store frequently accessed data, reducing the need for repeated data fetching or computation.

sudo lsof -i :<port_number>

High-volume, low-latency Java applicationsThread Pooling: Use thread pools (Executors in Java) to manage threads efficiently,

Asynchronous Programming: Use CompletableFuture, or other async frameworks (

Non-blocking I/O (NIO): Leverage Java NIO for handling large numbers of connections

Efficient Data Structures and Algorithms

Low-latency Collections: Use specialized collections like ConcurrentHashMap for thread-safe,

Minimize Locking: Avoid blocking locks and shared states whenever possible. Instead, use lock-free and wait-free algorithms

Immutable Objects: Use immutability to reduce synchronization needs

3. Garbage Collection Optimization

Configure garbage collectors to minimize GC pauses. Some low-latency collectors in the JVM include:

ZGC (Z Garbage Collector): Offers very low pause times even with large heap sizes.

Object Pooling: Reuse objects to reduce the frequency of memory allocation and GC pressure.

Database Optimization

Sharding and Partitioning:

In-Memory Data Stores: Use in-memory databases

//

Batch Processing: Process data in batches where possible to reduce the overhead of handling multiple individual requests.

Caching: Use local caches like Caffeine or distributed caches like Redis to store frequently accessed data.

Profiling Tools: Use profilers such as VisualVM, YourKit, or Java Flight Recorder (JFR)

Microservices Architecture: Use microservices to break down complex applications into smaller.

///

 Class Loading

Preload Classes: You can load key classes in advance to avoid delays caused by lazy class loading during the first few requests.

Heap Sizing: Ensure the heap size (-Xms and -Xmx) is set correctly to avoid resizing the heap during runtime,

Database Connection Pool: Pre-initialize a database connection pool (e.g., HikariCP, Apache DBCP) so that connections are readily available

SQL Query Caching: If your database or ORM (like Hibernate) uses query caches, run key queries to ensure that the cache is warmed up and execution plans are cached in the database.

Class Data Sharing (CDS): Java provides a Class Data Sharing (CDS) feature that allows the JVM to share class metadata between JVM instances to speed up class loading.

//

 Preloading with Frameworks (Spring Boot Example)

In frameworks like Spring Boot, you can use @PostConstruct to execute code after the application has been initialized, which is a great place to add preloading logic.

 Using Map for Faster Lookups

If you want to be able to quickly look up students by their ID, for example, you can use a Map structure (HashMap or ConcurrentHashMap) that allows O(1) lookup.

Example of an In-Memory Data Map Using HashMap

to create a thread-safe and concurrent version of a HashMap, you can use the ConcurrentHashMap class in Java.

ConcurrentHashMap is a great choice when you need a thread-safe map that supports high concurrency with minimal contention.

Inserting a null Key or Value

If you attempt to insert a null key or value in a ConcurrentHashMap, a NullPointerException will be thrown.

///

ConcurrentHashMap<Student, Student>: In this example, ConcurrentHashMap is used with Student objects as both keys and values. To use Student as a key, the hashCode() and equals() methods are overridden to ensure correct key lookups.

Thread Safety: ConcurrentHashMap allows multiple threads to access the map concurrently, without needing explicit synchronization, ensuring thread-safe read and write operations.

///

Race conditions occur when multiple threads concurrently modify a shared variable without proper synchronization.

To prevent race conditions, use synchronized blocks or atomic variables like AtomicInteger for thread-safe operations.

Using synchronized Block Without static

In this solution, we create an instance variable I, and use a synchronized block to ensure thread safety. Each thread will still share the same IncrementWithSync object, so the synchronization applies to the object instance.

How the Garbage Collector Works?

Java uses reachability to determine when an object is no longer needed. If an object is no longer referenced (reachable) from any live thread, it becomes eligible for garbage collection.

Root Sources of Object References (GC Roots):

Local variables on the stack.

Active threads.

Static fields.

JNI (Java Native Interface) references.

When objects are used as keys in hash-based collections (e.g., HashMap, HashSet), the hashCode() method is used to determine the object's bucket, and equals() is used to check whether the two objects are logically equivalent.

///

[digitalthinkerhelp]

Binary Semaphores in Operating System with Examples

From this article, we will guide you all possible stuffs about what is binary semaphore in OS along with their examples; as well as advantages and disadvantages with ease. After reading this article, you will be getting fully educated about Binary Semaphores in Operating System without any hindrance.

Binary Semaphores Tutorial Headlines:

In this section, we will show you all headlines about this entire article; you can check them as your choice; below shown all:

What is Binary Semaphore in OS?

Working Structure of Binary Semaphore

Uses of Binary Semaphores

Key Features of Binary Semaphore

Binary Semaphore Example with Implementation in C

Advantages of Binary Semaphores

Disadvantages of Binary Semaphores

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

What is the purpose of using a binary semaphore?

How does a binary semaphore support synchronization in a multi-threaded environment?

Can binary semaphore be used for inter-process synchronization?

Can binary semaphore be used for inter-process synchronization?

Let’s Get Started!!

[syllvane]

familiar hearts- tolya yul-bataar x reader

a/n: half based on a request but kind of took on a life of its own! gender neutral, Nikolai’s sibling. can be read as a sequel to soldier, poet, king, but can also be read separately. marche is the reader’s privateer name.

They kill the Healer first, hands bound and throat slit, ruby red blood staining their garments and nothing they could do except scream, alert the rest of the ship that there are intruders.

They have Grisha of their own as well, ones who engage the Grisha on the Volkvolny.

And the Grisha on the Volkvolny are outnumbered, but they are excellent.

Tolya and Tamar fight in complete synchronization, perfectly able to predict the others move before they’ve even done it. 

Tidemakers work in tandem to try and keep the sea calm while knocking off the otkazat’sya pirates, trying their best to even the numbers, Durasts bend the metal of swords and rifles, making them all but unusable.

Even you and Nikolai are in the fray, as much as he would prefer that you stay safe, you would hear none of it.

The crew of this ship are more your family than the royals preening in Os Alta and besides, you’ve never been one to shy away from a fight. 

Nikolai is swordfighting the captain of the other ship, though he seems to be verbally jousting as well with them, judging by the remarks that you’re able to overhear.

You make your way through several of the otkazat’sya pirates- they are good, but they are not you. 

You are a flash of blade and blood and for a moment, you see that Tolya hesitates while he’s admiring you, doesn’t block when he should and a blade plunges into his flesh.

You don’t allow yourself to scream, to distract anyone else as you dashed towards him, blades tearing at your skin, and put yourself in front of him, protecting Tamar’s blindside and her brother.

You’re easier prey for the Heartrender that Tolya was fending off, and you can feel your heart begin to slow as you swing wildly.

You don’t allow yourself to fall, even when you should be unconcious on the ground next to Tolya, and when you think you’re about to, a gunshot rings out and the Heartrender falls dead. 

Your brother, livid, holds the smoking gun and with the rest of the pirates dead, rushes over to you.

“Are you okay? Do you realize how stupid-” His sentence stops, his gaze going behind you, to Tamar kneeling over her dying brother. “Oh.”

You collapsed to your knees as well, looking at the man that you would’ve died to save.

You put your hands on his arm gently, shaking your head.

“You can’t go. You can’t die.” You said, your voice breaking.

“You looked… magnificent out there.”

“No, Tolya, you don’t get to die. Not yet.” You said, more assurance in your voice and Tamar looked at you miserably.

“There is nothing you can do.”

Nikolai grabbed your shoulder, as if to pull you away and you shook him off.

You closed your eyes. 

You can’t die. Don’t leave me.

You don’t see it, of course, but tissue begins to stitch itself back together- slowly, a Healer with no experience at all was trying to mend something that they loved.

Don’t leave me. Don’t leave me.

“Marche.” Nikolai said hesitantly. You ignored him.

It’s gruesome to watch, how flesh moves like thread to reconnect itself.

“Marche.” Tolya said, his voice no longer weak and you opened your eyes in surprise to see him sitting, leaned against his sister and everyone on the ship looking at you.

And before you can notice your handiwork, your head hits the deck of the ship and the unconsciousness that you’ve been staving off greets you like an old friend.

When you wake after what feels like the longest sleep in your life, it is in Nikolai’s chambers and with Tamar sitting next to you.

Before you can say anything, she turns to look at you, feeling your heart speed up.

“You saved my brothers life,” She said, her voice uncharacteristically soft. “I’ll spend my life repaying that debt.”

You shook your head.

“Whatever I did, I did freely. Out of love.”

Tamar smiled and sniffed.

“He’s been in here reciting poetry to you, whenever he isn’t above deck.” She said, a smile appearing on your lips before she looked up at the ceiling. “He’s been listening for any differences in your heartbeat, so I’m sure Nikolai and him will be down here any moment.”

As if on cue, there was frantic knock on the door and without wait for an answer, the door opened, revealing Tolya and Nikolai.

“Be gentle.” Tamar said sternly. Tolya paid no attention, rushing forward and embracing you tightly, nearly knocking the wind out of you.

“Thank you.” He mumbled quietly, his words a prayer against your skin.

“It was nothing.”

Nikolai cleared his throat and Tolya smiled, pulling away from you and granting Nikolai access to you.

He smiled at you, striding across the room to hug you, more gently than Tolya.

“How are you feeling?”

“Like the Volkvolny ran me over while I was asleep.” You half-joked before realizing your mistake as Nikolai began to fret over you. “Nik I’m fine, I feel fine.”

“You scared me. You scared all of us. I didn’t know you could do that.”

“If it makes you feel better, I didn’t know either. Is everyone else okay? How many losses did we suffer?”

“You need to worry about getting better before you start worrying about others. I say this as your brother and as your Captain.”

“Tolya?”

“We’re in rough shape, but most of the crew survived.”

“Since when have you started taking orders from her?” Nikolai frowned. “Don’t answer that. Promise me that you’ll get your rest before you start healing others.”

“I don’t even know how I did it the first time.”

“Exactly, all the more reason to rest and wait until we can make a stop in Novyi Zem where you can learn from teachers.”

“Nik, I can-”

“No. I love you, and I know you just want to help our crew. I want to help them as well, but I can’t lose you. You have no idea what it was like, watching you fall unconcious.” 

You didn’t say anything before nodding silently.

“Okay.”

He pressed a kiss to your forehead before taking a step back.

“Well, I better go make sure that the crew hasn’t mutinied.” He said lightly and you rolled your eyes.

He smiled, giving you a nod before exiting. Tolya made to move but Tamar reached her hand out, shaking her head.

“I’ll go. You two can chat.” She smiled and Tolya gave her a grateful look, moving to take her seat as she exited, the door clicking shut.

“How did you heal me?” He asked slowly and you sighed, shaking your head.

“I… I don’t know, I just kept thinking over and over again that I couldn’t lose you. So, sheer willpower, I guess.” 

“You make it sound so easy.”

“Loving you has always been easy.”

[mentalisttraceur-software]

I just "remembered" (found saved code files) that back in 2014, that is to say in the last couple years of my undergrad schooling, I coded a workaround for a broken or incomplete pthreads implementation on my Nokia N900.

I wrote functions called `pthread_{create,join,exit}_KLUDGE` which called `pthread_{create,join,cancel}`, but also managed a linked list with one entry per thread.

There are actually two files. In one, each list node holds a boolean called "done". In the other, each list node holds a void * called "retval".

I don't feel like reverse-engineering what this was for and I'm going to just delete the files, but I think I have vague memories of something either not working or not being implemented because I had an old version of glibc. So I actually manually rolled my own backport/implementation which did enough of what I needed I guess.

Not too surprising, because that's the kind of person I am, and I was already technical enough to do that within a couple years into my CS education, but I wouldn't have remembered off the top of my head that even in my early twenties I was already doing that kind of stuff.

To be clear it wasn't elegant or neat or reusable. There's prints to stdout woven into these functions, dumping information about the linked list to the output so I could manually check that my code was doing the right thing. And it only worked at the source level by using macros to redirect standard functions like `pthread_create` to my wrappers like `pthread_create_KLUDGE`.

Also in one of the files, the "join" was very crude: it indefinitely loops over the linked list, breaking if the done variable is set to true, or sleeping for a second before trying again if not. To be best of my recollection I basically needed to implement my own joining because the underlying joining was misbehaving - returning before the other thread was really done - or maybe even pthreads synchronization primitives were misbehaving more generally.

So it's obviously one of those "good enough to get stuff done" solutions, not a "proper" one falling back to the right OS level theading/sychronization primitives or whatever. And there is a chance that I was actually doing something wrong... I doubt it, because by then I think I had good habits for carefully reading and following the documentation for interfaces, but nowadays I can see many more possible ways for code to be subtly broken in ways that might only be exposed on some systems, so it's possible.

Anyway, it was enough to let me test homework assignment code locally on my Nokia N900.

Just a neat little historical artifact from my life.

[whizsolutions]

Everything You Need To Know About Nodejs!

Node.js is one of the most widely used technologies for creating scalable and efficient REST APIs nowadays. It’s also used to create hybrid mobile apps, desktop apps, and even Internet of Things applications.

Web applications were created using a client/server architecture, in which the client requested resources from the server, and the server responded with the requested resources. The server only answered when the client requested it, and after each response, the connection was closed.

Because each request to the server requires time and resources, this approach is efficient (memory, CPU, etc.). The server must finish the previous request before responding to the following one. So the server only deals with one request at a time? Well, not quite; when the server receives a new request, it is handled by a thread that is generated when you Hire Node js App Developer.

Assume you’re creating an internet store with the help of a Nodejs Development Services Provider, and you’ll need a page where users can see all of your items.

The visitor visits http://yourstore.com/products, and the server generates an HTML file that contains all of your items from the database. Isn’t it straightforward? But what occurs behind the scenes?

When a user accesses /products, a certain method or function must be run to respond to the request. Thus a little piece of code (either yours or the framework’s) parses the requested URL and looks for the appropriate method or function. The thread is up and running.

Important features of NodeJS

Free and Open Source Software

Node.js is an open-source framework with an MIT license that has a large community behind it. Its active community has contributed to the addition of new features to Node.js apps.

Simple and quick

Because Node.js is based on Google Chrome’s V8 JavaScript Engine, its libraries can execute code quickly. You must look for the best Nodejs App Development Consultant to offer you the right help for a better growth/

Asynchronous

Node.js libraries are all asynchronous, which means that Node. js-based servers never wait for an API to respond before moving on to the next one.

Exceptional scalability

Node.js is very scalable and helps the server respond in a non-blocking manner thanks to its event system.

Single-Threaded

Node.js is able to follow the single-threaded approach thanks to event looping. This allows a single application to handle a large number of queries.

There will be no buffering.

One of the most important features of Node.js applications is that no data is ever buffered. Node.js may be quickly created and deployed on a variety of platforms, including Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.

Advantages

Even though Node.js operates on a single thread with event looping, it can handle more requests than, say, the Apache HTTP server due to its asynchronous non-blocking manner of handling code execution. The API calls do not block the other requests because they do not wait. It can handle many requests at once.

It employs Google Chrome’s V8 JavaScript Engine, which speeds up the execution of javascript code. It is possible to create extremely scalable networked programs using Node.js’ event system.

You’ll be able to code in the same language on both the server and front ends. In most of our projects, we’re all used to employing various programming languages. Even so, maintaining server-side and front-end code in the same language may save you a lot of time when it comes to debugging.

The event loop manages real-time communication without consuming a lot of memory. This allows developers to focus on the app’s functionality rather than worrying about the app becoming clogged with too many requests.

Disadvantages

Because Node.js is single-threaded, it eliminates the need to worry about thread synchronization or shared mutable state. However, unlike preemptive concurrency, it also implies that programmers must chose how to handle concurrency, with the default being no concurrency at all.

Because it’s entirely asynchronous by default, you’ll probably wind up with a lot of nested callbacks. Of course, this is a JavaScript issue rather than a Node.js one, and there are workarounds.

The majority of the core libraries are quite reliable, and you can rely on them to perform as expected. However, the ecology as a whole is still developing. It’s also tough to judge the quality of a module because there aren’t many features for assuring the quality of JavaScript code.

It doesn’t function well with jobs that need a lot of processing power. Node.js is better suited for I/O tasks, such as the web server.

There aren’t enough libraries. Things like these are either still in the works or brand-new and largely untested because JavaScript hasn’t yet experienced years of popularity on the server side.

Node.js isn’t simply for web development anymore.

We already know that Node.js is adaptable. However, it’s crucial to remember that because of its versatility, it may be utilised for a variety of reasons. Yes, the library’s community is mostly focused on developing online apps, but it’s also a great tool for people working in operations or infrastructure.

This is due to the fact that Node.js is an excellent tool for creating other development tools. It might be crucial in allowing you to be creative and design your own support tools if you’re trying to support a team of engineers or even help manage a whole distributed software infrastructure.

Microservices are well-suited to Node.js.

Microservices are a fast-growing architectural approach that provides more agility and flexibility than a typical monolith. Microservices have a lot of benefits, and whether or not they’re suitable for you right now, they’re likely to take over the software landscape as the world moves away from monolithic design.

This fact just adds to the case that you should learn Node.js because the library is so well suited to this type of development. This is because it pushes you to create in a modular and focused way, allowing you to practically build an application using particular components.

Conclusion: Before you start utilising Node.js at work, spend some time learning about it.

That is only a small sample of the reasons why you should learn Node.js. There are many more, but these all highlight its significance in today’s developing environment. Get in touch with our team at Whiz Solutions and we will help you understand the concept in detail. Our experts will make sure you get what you want in the best manner.

[coolwizardprince]

openGauss|High Performance-Kunpeng NUMA Architecture Optimization

Kunpeng NUMA Architecture Optimization

Availability

This feature is available since openGauss 1.0.0.

Introduction

Kunpeng NUMA architecture optimization mainly focuses on Kunpeng processor architecture features and ARMv8 instruction set, and optimizes the system from multiple layers, including OS, software architecture, lock concurrency, logs, atomic operations, and cache access. This greatly improves the openGauss performance on the Kunpeng platform.

Benefits

Transactions per minute (TPM) is a key performance indicator of the database competitiveness. Under the same hardware costs, a higher database performance means the database can process more services, thereby reducing the usage cost of customers.

Description

openGauss optimizes the Kunpeng NUMA architecture based on the architecture characteristics. This reduces cross-core memory access latency and maximizes multi-core Kunpeng computing capabilities. The key technologies include redo log batch insertion, NUMA distribution of hotspot data, and CLog partitions, greatly improving the TP system performance.

Based on the ARMv8.1 architecture used by the Kunpeng chip, openGauss uses the LSE instruction set to implement efficient atomic operations, effectively improving the CPU usage, multi-thread synchronization performance, and Xlog write performance.

Based on the wider L3 cache line provided by the Kunpeng chip, openGauss optimizes hotspot data access, effectively improving the cache access hit ratio, reducing the cache consistency maintenance overhead, and greatly improving the overall data access performance of the system.

Kunpeng 920, 2P server (64 cores x 2, memory: 768 GB), 10 GE network, I/O: 4 NVMe PCIe SSDs, TPC-C: 1000 warehouses, performance: 1,500,000 tpmC.

Enhancements

Batch redo log insertion and CLog partition are supported, improving the database performance on the Kunpeng platform.

Efficient atomic operations using the LSE instruction set are supported, improving multi-thread synchronization performance.

Constraints

None

Dependencies

None

[blubberquark]

AsyncIO for the working PyGame programmer (part III) - Pitfalls

Table of Contents

Race Conditions

Resource Conflicts

Architecture and Composability

Future-Proofing

Best Practices

Race Conditions

Here is a simple multithreaded python program to demonstrate race conditions. One thread sequentially increments my_numbers["b"], while two more threads increment my_numbers["a"] in parallel. Can you guess what this program will print out?

import threading my_numbers=dict(a=0, b=0) def incrementer(key, times): for i in range(times): my_numbers[key]+=1 thread_1=threading.Thread(target=incrementer, args=("a", 5_000_000)) thread_2=threading.Thread(target=incrementer, args=("a", 5_000_000)) thread_3=threading.Thread(target=incrementer, args=("b", 10_000_000)) thread_1.start() thread_2.start() thread_3.start() thread_1.join() thread_2.join() thread_3.join() print(my_numbers)

Even a simple line of code like my_numbers[key]+=1 is made up of multiple operations in the python interpreter. Getting the value of my_numbers, resolving the __getitem__ method, getting the value, incrementing, et cetera. CPython's GIL guarantees that all this will never lead to segmentation faults, premature garbage collection, or corrupted memory. It does not guarantee that everything executes in a sensible order. Too often, both threads read my_numbers[key], increment the value at the same time, and write my_numbers[key]+1 back, so one incrementing operation was superfluous. Even worse, there could be a situation where one thread wants to write my_numbers[key]+1 back, but it gets pre-empted. The other thread runs on, incrementing the value hundreds of times, until it itself gets pre-empted, and the first thread finally writes my_numbers[key]+1 back, even though at this time the number is much less that what the other thread had already computed.

It's not as easy to make the same mistake with asyncio, but if you try hard enough, you can also shoot yourself in the foot. At least, you can spot the bug in this version of the code right away: There is an await in between reading a value and writing back the result.

import asyncio import random my_numbers=dict(a=0, b=0) async def bad_async_incrementer(key, times): await asyncio.sleep(random.random()) for i in range(times): x=my_numbers[key] await asyncio.sleep(0.01) my_numbers[key]=x+1 coro1=bad_async_incrementer("a", 50) coro2=bad_async_incrementer("a", 50) coro3=bad_async_incrementer("b", 100) loop=asyncio.get_event_loop() loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(coro1,coro2,coro3)) print(my_numbers)

I had to add random sleep times to overcome the somewhat deterministic nature of the event loop scheduling to make this example work, but in a real-world application, the timing of network input won't be deterministic either, and you can have multiple await statements in one coroutine.

It's probably best not to read and write global state in threads or async tasks. You should rather use local or thread-local variables. If you really have to modify global state, wrap all your critical sections in locks!

Resource Conflicts

I don't know what happens when two threads are trying to read from or write to the same socket in a multi-threaded python program. Maybe the input gets duplicated, maybe the output is interleaved, maybe there is some low-level locking. Even if the underlying OS operations are atomic, I have no clue if the Python standard library maybe splits the data up and processes it via multiple system calls. If you write code on top of well-behaved libraries (which correctly lock a socket before while reading or writing) your code could still invoke multiple of these "atomic" function calls in a row from different threads, leading to interleaved input or output.

When two coroutine tasks inside the same event loop await input from the same source at the same time, the result is usually this: The event loop does not know which one task to wake up next, and raises an exception.

If you have multiple tasks that want to send requests or do back-and-forth handshakes over the same connection, they each need to acquire a lock on the connection before they can communicate, and release it afterwards. Otherwise, your scheduler might raise an exception if you are lucky, or as above, the data coming from different threads could be interleaved or switched around! You must avoid resource conflicts by correctly using locks, and incorrect use of locks can cause deadlocks.

This might not look like a common occurrence in client software, but every time you have a bi-directional request-response protocol, like JSON-RPC, or a chat service where multiple users can send messages, the protocol is already more complicated than the simple, deterministic lock-step of HTTP.

Even though asyncio is completely single-threaded, it still provides concurrency. You will fave to deal with the familiar problems you know and hate from multi-threaded concurrency: Race conditions and deadlocks. The asyncio module does not help you with timing and correctness, is not a way to sidestep the GIL for CPU-heavy multi-core parallel computation, and will not make your programs easier to read. It is just a standardised API for concurrent, single-threaded, asynchronous I/O.

Architecture and Composability

Broadly speaking, you can't call asynchronous code, as in code marked with async def from regular synchronous code. That is also true in other asynchronous, event-based architectures like node.js, and shown with a table like this:

  in synch code in async code can call synch code yes yes can call async code NO yes

This is technically correct, but at the same time somewhat misleading. While you can call synchronous code from async code, and you cannot use await outside of an async function, in practice you cannot just invoke any old bit of synchronous code from async code running inside an event loop. Any blocking I/O inside a coroutine will cause the whole event loop to block. That won't be a problem if you debug your application with a single client, or a single task in your event loop, but it will come back to haunt you in production. Python doesn't track which functions are pure functions, which functions have side effects, and whether they cause I/O or other system calls.

If your "synchronous" code is actually creating threads, you have to be extra careful, as Pythons thread synchronisation mechanisms and data structures in Python are different from those in asyncio. If your async code calls synchronous code that invokes callbacks, you might need to make sure that these callbacks are scheduled as tasks in your event loop again. Probably that means using as callbacks synchronous stubs that create coroutines and submit them to your event loop to be executed as tasks. It gets hairy fast.

Similarly, you can just evaluate a coroutine inside synchronous code if you really want to, by creating a new event loop and using loop.run_until_complete(coroutine). But you probably shouldn't. If you are inside async code, you should just use await instead of messing with the loop. The worst-case scenario here is creating new loop from synchronous code that was called from async code, causing the outer event loop to hang until the inner event loop has been completed. This way, as long as any task in the inner loop is waiting, no task in the outer loop can do anything, even if there is input available.

As a general rule, your asyncio programs should use one thread and one event loop. If you absolutely have to use multiple threads, you should still only use one loop, and have that run in its own thread, and use thread-safe methods to submit tasks to it. Don't have multiple loops in multiple threads, and don't call loop.run_until_complete(coroutine) or loop.run_forever() from different threads.

If you are using a GUI toolkit with asyncio, you will probably have to spawn one GUI thread, and one "worker" thread with the event loop. You could also try handling UI events inside the event loop, or writing your own GUI mainloop that periodically calls the event loop (like my own approach to using asyncio with pygame at 30/60 FPS).

You get the most out of asyncio if you run a single-threaded server with only one event loop that handles all concurrency for you, and any long-running computations are either done by a fancy message queue middleware, or with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor.

Further Reading

What Color Is Your Function? - Explanation of what can call what in node.js

I Don't Understand asyncio - Outsider view of the asyncio ecosystem from 2016

Controlling Python Async Creep - Critical view of the asyncio architecture and ecosystem in 2018

Future-Proofing

It gets worse. Application code might do weird things like calling your async library from a thread, or calling your threaded code from a coroutine, but application code might also use something like gevent, twisted or tornado - async frameworks from the Python 2 era. Gevent adds green threads to the Python interpreter, and monkey-patches common i/o operations to allow task switching while waiting on blocking input. Twisted implemented its own event loop, but can now be used on top of a Python 3.6 SelectorEventLoop. The same goes for Tornado.

If your library monkey-patches i/o operations, that could create problems when you use more than one of them. If your library uses its own event loop, or even worse, implements its own event-based scheduling, then two different event-based libraries will block each other.

If you use a non-standard event loop/scheduler, it better be compatible with asyncio coroutines, and you better make sure to schedule all tasks in the same loop. If one library uses the default asyncio loop via get_event_loop(), and another creates a new one with Twisted or Tornado, you have a problem, and the tasks from these two libraries will not be interleaved.

In the future, we might get API improvements for=asyncio, but for backward compatibility, everybody has to support the old API. Somebody might write a nice, stable, thread-like interface on top of asyncio, like thredo (https://github.com/dabeaz/thredo), but if such an interface will need to have a way to call async code that uses the low-level asyncio module. Otherwise, you will get the same problems again, with the event loop and coroutines inaccessible and hidden behind a swanky interface.

Best Practices

If you are doing request-response-request-response things, wrap every request-response cycle in a lock to make sure another task doesn't accidentally get the response to your request.

If you read multiple times from a socket, for instance a first you read a length field, and then you read until you have read that many bytes, then wrap the whole thing in a lock.

If you read and write global or shared data structures, then make sure to either use locks, or to not await in between reading and writing.

If you are writing a library, don't hide away the async behind a synchronous API. Just write coroutines, and let the use create the event loop and schedule tasks.

If you provide a synchronous API, at least allow the user to pass in an event loop.

Do not create more than one event loop per program. You can have one per thread, but even that defeats the purpose of the event loop.

If you write your own high-level asyncio wrapper, please make it interoperable with plain asyncio.

[codingbrewery-blog]

Multithreading in Java

Runnable A Runnable is basically a type of class (Runnable is an Interface) that can be put into a thread, describing what the thread is supposed to do. This interface is designed to provide a common protocol for objects that wish to execute code while they are active. For example, Runnable is implemented by class Thread. Being active simply means that a thread has been started and has not yet been stopped. In addition, Runnable provides the means for a class to be active while not subclassing Thread. A class that implements Runnable can run without subclassing Thread by instantiating a Thread instance and passing itself in as the target. In most cases, the Runnable interface should be used if you are only planning to override the run() method and no other Thread methods. This is important because classes should not be subclassed unless the programmer intends on modifying or enhancing the fundamental behavior of the class. The Runnable Interface requires of the class to implement the method run() like so: public class MyRunnableTask implements Runnable { public void run() { // do stuff here } } Either you can implement Runnable or extend the thread class both spin up a new thread. It is preffered to use Runnable though since Java doens't support multiple inheritance so classes inhertied by thread class can't inherit anything else and it is basically an overkill to provide all functions that a thread provides to a new sub class that doesn't need it Join Join tells main thread to wait for all the threads to complete their execution. Volatile The volatile keyword is used when two threads need to access a common section of memory i.e. RAM. The usage is usually all instance variables are stored in CPU core cache since it is closer to CPU core. However if two threads on two seperate cores need to maintain state then we use volatile keyword to make store the variable store in RAM which is accessible by both cores. There is a performance hit and causes instruction reordering while using the volatile keyword Thread.start() vs Thread.run() The way to create a new thread is by calling the start method and when we directly call the run() method it doesn't create a new thread. It just invokes it with the current thread. Thread.run() does not spawn a new thread whereas Thread.start() does, i.e Thread.run actually runs on the same thread as that of the caller whereas Thread.start() creates a new thread on which the task is run. Interrupts (Thread.interrupt()) Thread.interrupt() sets the interrupted status/flag of the target thread. Then code running in that target thread MAY poll the interrupted status and handle it appropriately. Some methods that block such as Object.wait() may consume the interrupted status immediately and throw an appropriate exception (usually InterruptedException) Interruption in Java is not pre-emptive. Put another way both threads have to cooperate in order to process the interrupt properly. If the target thread does not poll the interrupted status the interrupt is effectively ignored. Polling occurs via the Thread.interrupted() method which returns the current thread's interrupted status AND clears that interrupt flag. Usually the thread might then do something such as throw InterruptedException. What is interrupt ? An interrupt is an indication to a thread that it should stop what it is doing and do something else. It's up to the programmer to decide exactly how a thread responds to an interrupt, but it is very common for the thread to terminate. How is it implemented ? The interrupt mechanism is implemented using an internal flag known as the interrupt status. Invoking Thread.interrupt sets this flag. When a thread checks for an interrupt by invoking the static method Thread.interrupted, interrupt status is cleared. The non-static Thread.isInterrupted(), which is used by one thread to query the interrupt status of another, does not change the interrupt status flag. Joins / Thread.Join() java.lang.Thread class provides the join() method which allows one thread to wait until another thread completes its execution. If t is a Thread object whose thread is currently executing, then t.join(); it causes the current thread to pause its execution until thread it join completes its execution. If there are multiple threads calling the join() methods that means overloading on join allows the programmer to specify a waiting period. However, as with sleep, join is dependent on the OS for timing, so you should not assume that join will wait exactly as long as you specify. There are three overloaded join functions. join(): It will put the current thread on wait until the thread on which it is called is dead. If thread is interrupted then it will throw InterruptedException. public final void join() join(long millis) It will put the current thread on wait until the thread on which it is called is dead or wait for specified time (milliseconds). public final synchronized void join(long millis) join(long millis, int nanos) It will put the current thread on wait until the thread on which it is called is dead or wait for specified time (milliseconds + nanos). public final synchronized void join(long millis, int nanos) Read the full article

[incipientinfotech]

Is Node.js Still the Best Choice for Startups in 2023?

Startups must focus more on business usefulness than technology When selecting a technology. The right focus assures future scaling, quick growth, and cost efficiency.

Node.js is a powerful computer language that has been on the rise in popularity since 2009, and it remains one of the most popular programming languages today. Many businesses are benefiting from its use due to its versatility — Node.js applications can be used for many different purposes, ranging from startups to larger companies. In this article we discuss some reasons why using Node.js will benefit your startup and give you pointers on some successful projects that you may want to emulate when making your decision.

Key takeaways about Node.js applications

Node.js is an open-source JavaScript coding environment that uses the V8 Google engine for performance and quick debugging. It allows for rapid deployment of apps using single threads, making it a suitable choice for large projects. Node.js was created from the ground up to be fast and accessible, benefiting from the strengths of both JavaScript and the widely used V8 engine That is, its design facilitates an asynchronous programming style and enables an application to run with high scalability and high throughput while eliminating CPU bottlenecks and conserving power.

The web development technology known as Bootstrap was first launched in 2009 and quickly gained popularity among the world’s premier startups, such as Uber, Netflix, eBay, and Yahoo. after over a decennary of continued use, it remains an important tool for entrepreneurs seeking to create user-friendly websites.

Node.js is a versatile code that can be worn for developing various types of web applications and mobile app. Its capability to integrate third-party libraries expands the potential uses for Node developers, as does its universal nature.

Using Node.js to build an app, one will not be restricted to the browser side, but can handle both the front and the back-end simultaneously because the JavaScript runtime environment is outside the browser.

How does Node.js work?

Node.js is single-threaded and fast by default, but it is also multithreaded, so it is important to make sure it is efficient for you to use. Its job is to handle I/O operations like reading files from a disk or from the network. This accelerates apps performance.

These characteristics are the non-blocking nature of all I/Os and the synchronous nature of the nodes. This feature is scalable for growing startup apps with limited budgeting but huge potential.

Node.js, compared to other technologies, is scalable to varying sizes with a wide variety of web applications and mobile apps that can be easily controlled using real-time communication.

One of the unique advantages of Chubby is its non-blocking nature and synchronous network functionality. This makes it well-suited for growing startup apps with constrained budgets, as there’s no need to scale prematurely or sacrifice efficiency.

Node.js is well-suited for applications that require high throughput and scalability, as it can handle large web applications and mobile apps with ease. Additionally, Node.js provides real-time communication which enables control over the application’s performance in a timely manner

Benefits of hiring Node.js developer for your startup

Node.js is a popular platform for developing web applications in Australia. It has many benefits that make it powerful and beneficial for businesses, as follows:

High productivity

Google’s G8 engine enables developers to create real-time apps with ease. Additionally, NPM (Node package manager) has a whopping 7k pre-made modules that can be used for app development without needing to begin from scratch. This means you don’t need any prior programming experience!

Fast time to market

ts light weight has significantly decreased development time, and helped it enter the market quicker and outcompete rivals.

Cost efficiency

Node.js is a powerful platform that enables developers to build full-stack applications, eliminating the need for specialized back end staff and reducing costs by hiring just one tech expert. Switching between front and backend systems is unnecessary when working with Node.js; each task can be handled by a single team member without conflict or confusion.

Scalability

Eventually, you will require to grow your business by expanding the features and target a larger audience. Node.js development authorise for rapid expansion in response to changing needs; it’s perfect for businesses of any size!

Microservices architecture

The Node.js computing is ideal for implementing a microservice-based architecture due to its flexibility and growth potential. By dividing application functionality into smaller units, Microservices allow for more adaptability and room for future expansion.

Rich ecosystem

The Node.js package manager, also known as the NPM, plays an important role in the advancement of Node.js as a platform; at the time of this writing there were over 1 million npm packages available for installation. AdditionallyNode.js boasts an extensive library database containing nearly 42 thousand entries dedicated to it alone!

According to this data, nearly all latest applications use NPM modules. This tells us that Node.js is a very successful technology and offers ample opportunities for startup development.

Types of projects that will benefit the most from using Node.js

JavaScript is the batter option for developing business applications, social platforms, payment systems, peer-to-peer marketplaces, and entertainment platforms.

Among the main advantages of using Node.js for making real-time applications is that it can handle a high volume of entering requests quickly,respond to user interaction effectively, and perform rapidly when Processing numerous user interactions simultaneously.

Node.js is a popular platform used for handling simple appeal rather than carrying out many complex operations using the server’s resources.

Is Node.js programming language relevant for startups?

Node.js first founded in 2009 and is still very popular among startup owners today.

While there is no guarantees for every startup succeeding, by following a few key business principles when choosing the technology stack for your company, you greatly increase your chances of success.

Node.js provides developers with an efficient codebase and speedy development cycles, making it a favorable choice for businesses looking to quickly launch new products. There is no risk that the idea will become outdated during the time spent on development; Node.js remains related to the market demands throughout its lifespan.

as a regulation, node.js applications tend to have high conversion rates due to their high productivity and user-friendly design.

Node.js is an extremely scalable platform that can easily meet the demands of businesses as they grow. You can add new features and functionality with minimal investment, and update your tools without incurring any costs.

By hiring a single backend and frontend developer, you will significantly reduce the cost of server infrastructure. This also leads to increased development efficiency, reducing your overall budget by an appreciable amount.

Node.js app provide quality and reliability, as many pre-made libraries are available that make development easier and faster.

For startups, the most important value is that Node.js delivers high-quality applications quickly and without sacrificing performance or user experience.

Hire Node.js developers Australia for your startups eliminates the require to employ multiple software developers and spend programmers on extra technologies. This also allows you to allocate that same amount of resources towards more important goals, such as increasing user engagement or building a better product.

Real-life examples of successful Node.js app development

Netflix

Netflix is a streaming service that allows users to download TV series and videos for later viewing on their computer. According to Netflix, the modularity of NodeJS allowed for the development of an efficient user interface. Additionally, streaming NodeJS on a desktop resulted in faster loading times by twofold. Furthermore, increasing load time was possible due to advancements made with Node JS

eBay

eBay has increasingly turned to Node.js for their backend, which aided in the company’s stability as they processed a large number of business deals in real-time. Additionally, eBay is currently developing a frontend using Node.js that will be fully operational and compatible with the rest of the site. This decision was made thanks to Node’s reliability when it comes to handling such large volumes of data quickly

GoDaddy

Since Node.js helps us save cost on processing user requests, this is affirmatively leading to the need for smaller servers and data centers. As a result, development projects are typically conducted by fewer individuals and infrastructure costs are reduced by tenfold due to this technology advancement.

LinkedIn

LinkedIn decided to switch over to Node.js for its own applications, which resulted in an increase in quickly by 20 times. The decision was made possible thanks to the decreased demand on services as a result of using Node.js.

To sum up

Node.js is a popular open-source JavaScript platform that has rapidly gained in popularity over the past few years. This is likely due to its intended function as an different to traditional client/server programming models, which provide users with a two-way communication channel between their browser and the server it’s connected to.

By taking this approach, the app’s performance increased considerably and response times decreased, reducing development costs. Business owners often select Node.js developer as a part of their team for several reasons:

Its asynchronous nature makes it a perfect tool for working on multiple tasks at once.

Non blocking I/O authorise soar concurrency on a one thread.

JavaScript is a programming language that enables developers to write code on the server and client side.

For Business startup, Node.js provides a number of benefits, including the capability to use the same technology stack for both the backend and frontend of an application. Additionally, it can save time and money on hiring additional engineers in order to cover various needs.

Node.js is highly versatile and scalable, making it a favored platform for web applications and Mobile by major companies today. It remains stable even as the tech industry rapidly changes, rendering it cost-effective while providing lasting value to users.

Orginally Source: Node.js Still the Best Choice for Startups

[toursmiral]

Download unity for mac

Download unity for mac how to#

Download unity for mac install#

Download unity for mac software#

Download unity for mac code#

Download unity for mac Pc#

My biggest issue on early Unity expedition wasn’t a C#, it wasn’t a convoluted interface, nor a crazy amount of 3D vector math. Jumping from one territory to a completely new environment is a fantastic experience but comes with lots of difficulties. I just started my journey with Unity not long time ago and this article is a result of my early explorations that can be useful for newcomers.Īs a day to day front end developer I spend majority of the time in HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Just download Visual Studio Community, switch default Unity IDE and enjoy very smooth integration.įirst things first - I’m not an experienced game developer. I published this article some time ago and Unity environment changed a lot.

Download unity for mac code#

The Synchronization section specifies the Multi-Process Mode, which can be Single-threaded, Multi-threaded, or Disabled.Unity development on macOS with Visual Studio Code

What does the "Synchronization" section of the Inspector window do?.

Download unity for mac install#

Does install Unity download support multi-threaded applications?.

Single-threaded applications are applications that run on a single central processing unit (CPU), and multi-threaded more than one CPU.

What the difference between a single-threaded and multi-threaded application?.

Notification sounds are set at the OS level.

How do I change the notification sound for a notification?.

There are also a number of other tutorials that are available in the 3D section of the Unity install Asset Store. Provides a free interactive tutorial help you get started with the basics.

What the best way to get started with the download Unity game engine?.

Download unity for mac how to#

Has video tutorials teach you how to use the software. Has a forum for users ask questions and help each other out. It also has an active forum that allows users connect and get help from other Unity free users. It is very responsive to all the questions that are asked. It also has a very active online community that can answer any technical questions.

Download unity for mac software#

The software provides extensive tutorials and documentation to help new users get started. You can use Unity freeload to create with various features such as physics, AI, 3D audio. You can use Unity freeload to create 3D games. Also has a feature called “Unity Analytics” that can be used to create analytics about. Stock effects are great for adding a little bit of visual effects the game.

Download unity for mac Pc#

Has a variety Unity download PC of features that can be used. The interface intuitive and user-friendly, there plenty of documentation. This is solid software for both 2D & 3D development, and it's free to download and use. Also has a large community of users and easy find help. You can create, edit, and play your in Unity install. The drag-and-drop interface easy to use as well. It is not necessary know programming languages be able to make a using. It is also free for download, which is a major perk. The software provides a number of tutorials and documentation that are accessible new users. Is very user-friendly and easy to navigate. Has many video tutorials help you learn how to use the software. It also allows developers Unity for Windows use the drag-and-drop interface to create the game. It has a Graphic User Interface (GUI) that displays all the options that can be set to make the more interactive. Has a user-friendly interface that easy work with. Also has a lot of documentation that comes with it, which a big plus for new users. It has an intuitive interface is easy to navigate. Unity app a fairly straightforward, user-friendly software. A fully integrated development environment. Is multiplatform which means it can run on Windows, OS X, Linux. Is used by many companies power their games. Also being used in the video game industry create such as the upcoming “Playstation VR Worlds” and “XCOM 2”.Ī multimedia authoring tool which is used to create 3D and 2D video games. Its cross-platform capability and the fact that free to use make it the perfect choice for indie developers. Is a cross-platform game engine that mainly used to create 2D and 3D games. Also a built-in programming language called UnityScript that is similar JavaScript. It provides a multiplatform engine and tools for developing games and applications. It allows developers to create and distribute both 2D and 3D games. A software platform for development that was first released in 2005. Has an intuitive and responsive for beginners. A engine free Unity that has a lot of features that include: physics system, sound, Artificial Intelligence, scripting, and more. A game engine that easy to use, since it only needs drag-and-drop create. Also used to create 2D or 3D graphic prototypes. A game engine that used create different types of games, from 2D to 3D games. A free engine that is available for use on Windows and OS X. Unity is an application that is created to create games.

[shanghaifree]

Reversing migrating os on paragon partition manager

You can us it to perform almost any task that software is able to accomplish involving your data storage devices, from backups to partitioning, cloning your SSD, SSHD, or HDD, even moving your OS to a new drive. The defragmenter will search your hard drive partition and move data from one location to other location, so that the files stored there are one contiguous piece, instead of being throughout multiple locations on the hard drive’s partition.Overall: Paragon's Hard Disk Manager does exactly what the software title implies. It is a utility in Microsoft Windows designed to increase access speed by rearranging file stored on a disk to occupy contiguous storage locations, a technique is calledĭefragmenting a disk minimizes head travel, which reduces the time it takes to read files from and write files to the disk. Disk Cleanup also allows you to empty the Recycle Bin, delete temporary files, and delete Thumbnails. Running Disk Cleanup at least once a month is an excellent maintenance task.ĭisk Cleanup tool can delete temporary internet files, old check disk files, compress old files and offline webpages. Removing unnecessary files, including temporary files, can help to improve the functioning and increase the free space of the computer. It allows user to remove files that are no longer needed or that can be safely deleted. It is computer utility maintenance which is included in Microsoft Windows. It can be used to partition drives, assign drive letters, and much more. rar, require a third-party compression utility to be installed.ĭisk Management is utility first introduced in Window XP as a replacement of the fdisk command.It enables us to view or manage the disk drives installed in their computer and the partition associated with those drives.ĭisk Management is used to manage the drives installed in a computer- like hard disk drives, and flash drives. Most operating systems include tools for compressing and uncompressing files.Linux has tools for both. These tool are used to reduce the size of a file based on the selected algorithm. Some examples of File management Tool are: Later in the same year, VirusScan was introduced by John McAfee, which later became the McAfee antivirus program.Įxamples: Windows Defender, AVG, AVAST, MCAFEE, etc.

The first antivirus program appeared in 1987 with the introduction of an antivirus program from G Data Software for the Atari ST. User can itself instruct antivirus to delete malicious program, put it in vault or even ignore it. The virus are kept in different location called vault where it has different file system due to which virus effect it. It detects a virus and notify the user and take action to secure the computer. Some of the popular utility software are described belowĪntivirus:It is used to protect a computer from the virus. These software may come along with OS like windows defender, windows disk cleanup tool.Īntivirus, backup software, file manager, disk compression tool all are utility software. These software are focused on how OS works on that basis it perform task to enable smooth functioning of computer. These software analyzes and maintain a computer.

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Windows 7 multimon

#WINDOWS 7 MULTIMON WINDOWS 10#

#WINDOWS 7 MULTIMON CODE#

#WINDOWS 7 MULTIMON PC#

#WINDOWS 7 MULTIMON WINDOWS 7#

But as the old saying goes, “never let the perfect be the enemy of the good. The solution isn’t perfect, by any means. Simply use the Windows key + left or Windows key + right to snap the active window to the monitor you want it on. The final piece of the puzzle is to leverage the Snap feature of Windows to snap each window to the left or right of the spanned monitor pair (note that this workaround is really only practical when using two monitors). RDP files, too!īut that leads to another problem…with spanning enabled, any maximized windows will span both monitors, which is hardly optimal. rdp file, and edit that file, adding the line:

#WINDOWS 7 MULTIMON WINDOWS 7#

Turns out that while Windows 7 Professional doesn’t support multiple monitors as discrete monitors, it does support spanning multiple monitors, which you can enable by saving your remote desktop settings into a. Unfortunately, I discovered this only after having brought my laptop stand (this Furinno Laptop Stand (affiliate link), which I picked up on sale at for around $40…you can get one from Amazon for around $45) in to the office, so I figured before admitting defeat, I should try to find a workaround.

#WINDOWS 7 MULTIMON WINDOWS 10#

This is fine for development, but unfortunately, Windows 7 Professional does not support multiple monitors when hosting an RDP session, even if the client OS (in my case Windows 10 Professional) does.

#WINDOWS 7 MULTIMON PC#

In this case, the problem was that the desktop PC I’m developing on is running Windows 7 Professional. Sadly, sometimes the things you think will be easy turn out not to be, especially when it comes to computers. To remedy this, I planned to bring in my laptop, set it up on a stand, and re-purpose one of the two monitors they provided so I could use Remote Desktop to connect to the desktop PC and still enjoy dual monitors…but there was a small wrinkle in my plan. But one of the things I missed from my home office was my standing desk. The client did a great job of provisioning a nice desktop PC and large dual monitors. I’ve recently transitioned from working at home to working on-site at a client.

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The file system monitor displays activity from the perspective of the file system. The system monitor displays process and thread creation as well as binary image loading. on ASP.NET MVC, Bootstrap, and Internet Explorer Compatibility View MultiMon is an advanced multifunctional system monitoring tool for Windows which displays detailed output of a wide range of activities in real-time.

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#WINDOWS 7 MULTIMON CODE#

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Took a look at ishadow - Not sure how ishadow will help. We are doing this over a LAN and has also been tested over a WAN, and it is like something is not causing the screen to refresh fast enough when multimon is on, not sure why. I have a case open with Bloomberg as well about this but the issue doesn't happen Via RDP with multimon, the screen does not refresh at a step that blinks a small portion of the screen for an RSA like hardware token/unit to synchronize with the blinking light. The issue is that we have an application (Bloomberg) which when connected Ok, will there ever be desktop composition in real multi mon, is it in the plans? What is stopping MS from implementing it?Īnd sure, there will be 2x or Xx the amount of data to transfer, but /span is transferring the SAME amount of data since the resolution is the same, so why the huge difference in speed there?Īdditionally, we are using it over a LAN as well as a WAN and our internet connections aren't slow, 20Mb down (at home) and 90Mb up (at the office) but that isn't the main issue.